But these fighters were not the famous gladiators. The gladiators fought other gladiators. The fights were not like you see in the movies. In ancient Rome, the gladiator battle was not always or even often to the death. This does not mean a gladiators life was easy. Their life was not easy at all. Some people chose to become gladiators.

Archaeologists have been studying Carnuntum, which is on the south bank of the River Danube, for more than 100 years. Previous excavations at the ancient military city had revealed parts of the civilian town, the legionary fortress and an amphitheater. The newly discovered gladiator school, or ludus, covers 30,138 square feet, and the building complex is arranged around a central courtyard. The school was built during the second century A.D., Wolfgang Neubauer of the University of Vienna told Live Science.' The most prominent feature inside the courtyard is a free-standing circular structure 19 m 62 feet in diameter, which could be interpreted as the training arena for the gladiators,' the authors write in the journal Antiquity. The researchers, led by archaeologist Neubauer, say this arena would have been surrounded by wooden spectator stands set on stone foundations, which were clearly visible in the ground-penetrating radar data. These measurements also revealed something like a post-hole in the middle of the arena.'

This might be the foundation of the palus, a wooden pole used for exercising blows with the sword and body slams with the shield,' Neubauer and colleagues wrote.In the southern wing of the building complex, the researchers detected cell blocks that each covered only 32 to 75 square feet. Cells of a similar design have been found at the barracks at the ludus magnus, the gladiatorial school close to the Flavian amphitheater in Rome, the archaeologists wrote.Other rooms along the western wing at Carnuntum were more spacious and were perhaps even decorated with tile floors. The researchers wrote that these chambers 'were most likely reserved for the highest ranking or the instructors, many of whom probably were drawn from the ranks of senior and ex-gladiators.' The site also contains evidence of the living quarters of the school's owner, or the lanista, and a bath complex, where the could recover from their harsh training, the report says.The archaeologists found the outline for the gladiator school over the last few years using non-invasive techniques like aerial photography, ground-penetrating radar and magnetometer surveys. The team also analyzed the area using an electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor attached to a four-wheeler ATV. This method allows researchers to transmit an to create currents in the soil. By determining the soil's electrical conductivity and its magnetic susceptibility, scientists can find out if the earth underneath has ever been heated, revealing the location of hidden bricks (which are made by heating clay).Drawing on this data, the archaeologists built a 3D models demonstrating what the site might have looked like in ancient times, as this shows.Copyright 2014, a TechMediaNetwork company.

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Gladiator, professional combatant in. The gladiators originally performed at funerals, no doubt with intent to give the dead man armed attendants in the next world; hence the fights were usually to the death. At shows in these exhibitions became wildly popular and increased in size from three pairs at the first known exhibition in 264 bce (at the funeral of a Brutus) to 300 pairs in the time of (died 44 bce). Hence the shows extended from one day to as many as a hundred, under the emperor, and the emperor in his triumph (107 ce) had 5,000 pairs of gladiators. Shows were also given in other towns of the, as can be seen from the traces of amphitheatres.

Roman mosaic of gladiators fighting. Photos.com/ThinkstockThe shows were announced several days before they took place by bills affixed to the walls of houses and public buildings; copies were also sold in the streets. These bills gave the names of the chief pairs of competitors, the date of the show, the name of the giver, and the different kinds of combats. The spectacle began with a procession of the gladiators through the arena, and the proceedings opened with a sham fight ( praelusio, prolusio) with wooden swords and javelins. The signal for real fighting was given by the sound of the trumpet, and those who showed fear were driven into the arena with whips and red-hot irons.

When a gladiator was wounded, the spectators shouted “ Habet” (“He is wounded”); if he was at the mercy of his adversary, he lifted up his forefinger to implore the of the people, to whom (in the later times of the Republic) the giver left the decision as to his life or death. If the spectators were in favour of mercy, they waved their handkerchiefs; if they desired the death of the conquered gladiator, they turned their thumbs downward. (This is the popular view; another view is that those who wanted the death of the defeated gladiator turned their thumbs toward their breasts as a signal to stab him, and those who wished him to be spared turned their thumbs downward as a signal to drop the sword.) The reward of victory consisted of branches of palm and sometimes of money. Gladiators were drawn from various sources but were chiefly slaves and criminals. Was strict, but a successful gladiator not only was famous but, according to the satires of, enjoyed the favours of society women. A curious addition to the ranks of gladiators was not uncommon under the Empire: a ruined man, perhaps of high social position, might engage himself as a gladiator, thus getting at least a means of livelihood, however precarious.

One of the peculiarities of the emperor was to have unusual gladiators (dwarfs and women), and the half-mad appeared in person in the arena, of course winning his bouts.To be the head of a school ( ludus) of gladiators was a well-known but disgraceful occupation. To own gladiators and hire them out was, however, a regular and branch of commerce.With the coming of, gladiatorial shows began to fall into disfavour. The emperor actually abolished gladiatorial games in 325 ce but apparently without much effect, since they were again abolished by the emperor (393–423) and may perhaps even have continued for a century after that. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Managing Editor, Reference Content.